Check the results then discuss the study. Years ago a study showed that HIT on Nautilus machines did not fit well into what was defined as aerobic exercise (failed). The HITTER’S discussed and complained, but no real conclusions were arrived at. Let’s see where this leads regarding kettlebells.
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Kettlebell Training Exercise
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 37(5) Supplement:S219, May 2005.
Bishop, Emmett; Collins, Mitchell A. FACSM; Lanier, Angela B.

(E. Bishop, Dragon Door Research Grant Recipient.) <-------

Although resistance training using Kettlebells™ is not new, the popularity of Russian Kettlebell™ training has recently grown in the U.S. due to promotion by Pavel Tsatsouline. However, at the present time there appears to be little scientific literature on Kettlebell™ exercise.

PURPOSE
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the cardiorespiratory responses to a typical 30-minute bout of Kettlebell™ training.

METHODS
Five males and five females (24-58 yrs) were recruited to participate in the study. Each performed five sets of ten repetitions for three Kettlebell™ exercises each separated by 1 minute of rest. The exercises consisted two-arm swings, one-arm snatches (half performed with each arm), and one-arm clean and presses (using right and left arms). The females used a 4 or 8 kg Kettlebell™ based on strength and the males used an 8, 12, or 16 kg Kettlebell™. The cardiorespiratory responses to the exercise were measured using a Parvo Medics TrueMax™ 2400 metabolic system. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics.

RESULTS
The cardiorespiratory responses varied greatly among the subjects and were related to the size Kettlebell™ each used. After the intial adjustment to exercise, ventilation (BTPS) ranged from about 24-39 L/min. This corresponded to tidal volumes and respiratory rates from 0.9-1.4 L/br and 24-41 br/min. Oxygen consumption values were from 0.65-1.28 L/min or 9.7- 18.0 ml/kg/min. Respiratory exchange ratios were from 0.88-1.07 with values typically below 1.0. Exercise heart rates were found to be between 101-143 bts/min and mean (±SEM) blood lactates following exercise were 4.3±1.8 mmol/L.

CONCLUSION
The cardiorespiratory responses to Kettlebell™ exercise were relatively low. The values were less than reported for traditional weight training exercise performed at 40% of one-repetition maximum. The low response found for Kettlebell™ exercise was probably due to the incorporation of momentum in Kettlebell™ training along with the size of Kettlebell™ used by the subjects.

Energy Cost Of A Basic Kettlebell Training Protocol
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 37(5) Supplement:S51, May 2005.
Lanier, Angela B.; Bishop, Emmett; Collins, Mitchell A. FACSM

Kettlebell training is a relatively ancient form of strength training that has been highly regarded among the Russian military and Eastern European power lifters for many years. Most recently, it has gained popularity among athletic strength coaches and recreationally active individuals as a novel way to enhance functional strength and positively impact cardiovascular endurance. However, to our knowledge this form of training with handheld weights has not been systematically investigated.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the energy cost and intensity of a basic Kettlebell training protocol.

METHODS
Ten subjects, mean age 30.2 ± 10.6 years, participated in a maximal treadmill test to assess VO2max. Participants subsequently performed 5 sets of 10 repetitions of two-armed swings, snatches, and clean and presses using a 4, 8, 12 or 16 kg Kettlebell. Metabolic data were collected by a metabolic measurement system. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics.

RESULTS
Training intensity in metabolic equivalents (METS) was 4.9 ± .88. The mean caloric expenditure and oxygen uptake values were 4.97 ± 2.02 kcal/min and 14.25 ± 3.08 ml/kg/min. Total energy expenditure during the session was 297.91 ± 121.13 kcal. Associated heart rate response during the training session was 122.08 ± 21.13 bpm that corresponded to 64.29 ± 11.74% of maximal heart rate. The training intensity relative to VO2max was 32.96 ± .08%.

CONCLUSIONS
Although intensity as assessed by heart rate appeared to be high enough to improve cardiovascular fitness pursuant to the ACSM recommendation, the training stimulus of 32% of VO2max was less than the ACSM recommendation of ± 55%. However, a basic Kettlebell training protocol may be an alternative activity for achieving the Surgeon General’s recommended amount (150-200 kcal/day) and intensity (3-6 METS) of physical activity for improving health.
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The flowing use of the open hand strikes is characteristic of both Lima Lama and Splashing Hands. The common denominator is the late, Tiny Lafite. Examine these pages in Wikipedia to see the historical record of this martial science.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splashing_hands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_lama
Below is the description of the formation of Lima Lama as recalled by Sub Level 4 Kenpo Master Ron Cha’pel. It is from the www.martialtalk.com website.

Quote:

Originally Posted by John Bishop Limalama was founded in 1965. The original founding members were: 1. Tino Tuilosega, who was a Parker black belt, boxer, and possibly other arts. 2. Richard Nunez, Dan Guzman black belt (Kajukenbo/kenpo) 3. Saul Esquival, Dan Guzman black belt (Kajukenbo/kenpo) 4. John Morolt, Shotokan black belt 5. Sol Kaihewalu, Lua, Okinawa-te 6. Hamea “Tiny” Lafiti, Ark Y. Wong black belt, and possibly other arts. I only know 3 of the 6, but I’m sure Doc can expand more on their backgrounds.

As always John Bishop always has his facts straight. I oddly knew/know all but John (I remember him as Louis) who I should know, but can’t shake loose in my memory banks. My friend Tu’umanao “Tino” Tuiolosega was a student of Ed Parker as well as a champion boxer in the Marine Corps, studied Sil Lum, and of course “Lua.” Sol’s background was almost exclusively in Lua, but he also spent time at Ark Wong and was an accomplished boxer. Sal, along with Haumea, Ed Parker and even Dan Inosanto came out of Ark Wong’s. The underlying arts of Lua in the isalnds and Ark Wong’s teachings in some way touched almost everyone.

Although Lua was a Polynesian Art, it was said to be supplemented in Hawaii by a series of Pacific-rim martial arts brought in by waves of the imported workers starting in the late 1800s. These included Judo and Ju Jutsu from Japan, Karate from Okinawa, Escrima from the Philippines and even Kung Fu from China. So the mixture of the arts was common and the reason why most backgrounds touch each other in cross training. It is said Henry Okazaki put elements of Lua in his DanZan Ryu JuJitsu, so it worked both ways. Clearly when you look at the effective and destructive power of Kajukenbo, you cannot help but speculate on the Lua influence through Sijo Emperado. Limalama contained all of these influences, including Splashing Hands and certainly Parker’s early versions of his Chinese Kenpo. Haumea Lefiti (”Tiny”), and Sal Esquivel are no longer with us. “Tino” has retired and passed the art to his son Rudy, while Richard, and Sol are still actively teaching. Sol left Limalama in the seventies, while Sal’s son Danny continued to teach. When Haumea passed away Limalama split into two seperate groups with “Tino” continuing as the head of the original, while Richard and Sal formed their own branch and lineage.

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This may be the best vampire movie. What do you think? Details HERE

Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2007 Oct;14(5):374-81.

Sleep deprivation and energy metabolism: to sleep, perchance to eat?

Penev PD.

Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Many people currently sleep only 5-6 h per night. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that self-reported short sleep is associated with an increased incidence of obesity and diabetes, highlighting the importance of this trend for public health. This finding has triggered renewed research into the mechanisms that link the regulation of mammalian sleep and metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS: In rodents, periods of starvation are accompanied by increased vigilance and sleep loss, presumably to help maximize food finding and energetic survival, whereas sleep deprivation results in increased energy expenditure and weight loss, consistent with a role of sleep in energy conservation and tissue maintenance. Information about the corresponding processes in humans is limited. Available data indicate that despite the presence of qualitative and quantitative differences, human sleep and metabolism also share reciprocal connections. SUMMARY: Evolution in an environment with limited resources has established bidirectional links between sleep and energy homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms of which are emerging rapidly. Epidemiological data suggest that the unique ability of humans to restrict their sleep voluntarily in an environment that promotes physical inactivity and overeating may have a negative impact on metabolic health. Randomized intervention trials are needed to confirm the validity of this hypothesis.

This author makes a convincing argument. See if you agree. MARKHENRY